#Norway spruce seedlings free

īradley C, Rundquist-John A, Harrington JR (2000) The effects of climatic factors on vegetation dynamics of tallgrass and shortgrass cover. GFZ Potsdam, Scientific Technical Report STR 10/05, Potsdam, 98–103.īolte A, Kampf F, Hilbrig L (2013) Space sequestration below ground in old-growth spruce-beech forests-signs for facilitation? Front Plant Sci 4:1–11. Proceedings of the Dendrosymposium 2009, April 16th–19th 2009, Otočec, Slovenia. Trace – Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. – Levanic T, Gricar J, Hafner P, Krajnc R, Jagodic S, Gärtner H, Heinrich I, Helle G (eds.). Global Ecol Biogeogr 23:311–322īijak S (2009) Climate-growth relationships of Norway spruce in north-eastern Poland. Ecology 72(1):12–16īenito PR, Aparicio LG, Paquette A, Messier A, Kattge J, Zavala MA (2014) Diversity increases carbon storage and tree productivity in Spanish forests.

Annu Rev Eml Syst 21:167–196īazzaz AF, Williams EW (1991) Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations within a mixed forest: implications for seedling growth. R package version 1.1–7īazzaz AF (1990) The response of natural ecosystems to the rising global CO 2 levels. īates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2014) lme4: linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. Tree Physiol 23:13–21īadraghi A, Marek VM (2020) Interactive effects of elevated CO 2 and neighbourhood competition on the radial growth of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings. New Phytol 165:351–372Ītwell BJ, Henery ML, Whitehead D (2003) Sapwood development in Pinus radiate trees grown for three years at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide partial pressures.

#Norway spruce seedlings free

US Dep Energy, Washington, pp 53–98Īinsworth EA, Long SP (2005) What have we learned from 15 years of free air CO 2 enrichment (FACE)? a meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO 2. In: Strain BR, Cure JD (eds) Direct effects of increasing carbon dioxide on vegetation. London:PitmanĪcock B, Allen LH (1985) Crop responses to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. In Opportunities for increasing Crop Yields. the interaction between climatic variables × admixture types × could alter the response of spruce to climatic variables.Īcock B (1980) Analysing and predicting the response of the glasshouse crop to environmental manipulation. Overall, our result suggests that spruce responses to climate factors can be affected by tree species mixing and CO 2 concentrations, i.e. Here, we also evaluated the association between tree-ring formation and climatic variables (precipitation and air temperature) in different admixture types under elevated and ambient CO 2 (CO 2AMB, 385 μmol (CO 2) mol −1). In particular, spruce growth diminished when growing beside high proportions/numbers of European beech (S). On the contrary, spruce responses to admixture treatments were significant under CO 2AMB ( p = 0.05), which demonstrated that spruce mainly increased its growth (diameter and root) in M and neighbouring with beech was not favourable for spruce seedlings. there was not a significant effect of CO 2 concentrations in all the admixture types.

Neither did we find a significant interaction between × mixing treatments ( p = 0.56), i.e.

After seven years of treatments, no significant effect from elevated CO 2 was found on the root dry mass ( p = 0.90) and radial growth ( p = 0.98) of Norway spruce. A 7-year study was conducted to examine the growth (diameter and root) response of Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings to elevated CO 2 (CO 2ELV, 770 μmol (CO 2) mol −1) in different mixture types (monospecific (M): a Norway spruce seedling surrounded by six spruce seedlings, group-admixture (G): a spruce seedling surrounded by three spruce and three European beech seedlings, single-admixture (S): a spruce seedling surrounded by six beech seedlings).